Knockout and knockin of the beta-1 exon D define distinct roles for integrin splice variants in heart function and embryonic development

Article Abstract:

Beta-1-D integrin has recently been characterized. It is the isoform of the beta-1 subunit expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. The function of the beta-1-D integrin splice variant in mice has been studied by generating Cre-mediated exon-specific knockout/knockin strains for variant. Removing the exon for beta-1-D brings on a small disturbance in heart phenotype, but replacing beta-1-A by beta-1-D brings lethal changes in the embryo with many defects. They are partly caused by the abnormal migration of neuroepithelial cells. Splice variants A and D have different functions. Beta-1-A seems more efficient than beta-1-D in helping cell motility signaling and responses of cells to mechanical stress.

Embryology, Experimental, Embryological research, Muscle cells, Cell migration, Exon (Molecular genetics), Exons (Molecular genetics), Heart cells

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Understanding of bat wing evolution takes flight

Article Abstract:

The loci responsible for morphological differences between highly related species are discussed. Prx1 is an enhancer of the paired-boxed homeodomain transcription factor which is responsible for part of the extension of the long bones in the wings of bats.

Science & research, Physiological aspects, Natural history, Bats, Bats (Animals), Evolution (Biology), Genetic transcription, Transcription (Genetics), Evolution, Anatomy

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