SQ/TQ cluster domains: Concentrated ATM/ATR kinase phosphorylation site regions in DNA-damage-response proteins

Article Abstract:

ATM/ATR-like protein kinases play central roles in maintaining genome stability and phosphorylate substrates in response to DNA damage, preferentially on SQ or TQ motifs, which are termed SQ/TQ, cluster domains (SCDs). It is found that structural disorder of SCDs could be advantageous for efficient phosphorylation by ATM/ATR kinases and enable them to be molded into distinct conformations to facilitate flexible interactions with multiple binding partners.

Protein kinases, Phosphorylation

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20S proteasomes and protein degradation "by default"

Article Abstract:

Research has shown that certain proteins are inherently unstable and undergo 'default' degradation by the 20S proteasomes. A model is proposed that not only provides molecular explanations for theoretical cooperative stability principle, but also provokes new predictions and explanations in the field of protein regulation and functionality.

Proteolysis, Genetic research, Ubiquitin-proteasome system

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PML nuclear bodies: dynamic sensors of DNA damage and cellular stress

Article Abstract:

Promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and PML protein are implicated in a number of cellular pathways from transcriptional regulation and viral pathogenicity to tumor suppression and apoptosis. It is suggested that the PML NBs, in addition to their role in other cellular processes, may act as DNA-damage sensors.

Biosensors

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