Signaling hierarchy downstream of retinoic acid that independently regulates vascular remodeling and endothelial cell proliferation

Article Abstract:

The mechanisms by which retinoic acid (RA) regulates the endothelial cell proliferation and capillary plexus remodeling during vascular morphogenesis is investigated. It was found that although the enzyme required for RA production during early embryogenesis, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2), was expressed in the visceral endoderm, RA receptors alpha1 and alpha2 were expressed in endothelial cells in the mesoderm, indicating that they are direct targets of RA.

Fibronectins

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Angiopoietin-1 modulates endothelial cell function and gene expression via the transcription factor FKHR (FOXO1)

Article Abstract:

The report demonstrates that Ang-1, via Akt activation, is a potent inhibitor of the forkhead transcription factor FKHR (FOXO1), identifying for the first time a nuclear signaling pathway through which Ang-1 modulates gene expression. The data suggests a novel, tissue-specific role for the Akt/FKHR pathway in the vasculature and suggest a mechanistic basis for the actions of Ang-1 as a regulator of endothelial cell survival and blood vessel stability.

Genetic transcription, Transcription (Genetics), Genetic research

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RDH10 is essential for synthesis of embryonic retinoic acid and is required for limb, craniofacial, and organ development

Article Abstract:

Various analyses to study the importance of the RDH10 mutant protein in the synthesis of embryonic retinoic acid, as well as in the development and growth of the limb, craniofacial and several other organs are conducted. The analysis reveals that retinol dehydrogenase RDH10 plays a very important role in the spatiotemporal synthesis of the retinoic acid (RA) during the process of embryogenesis.

Oxidoreductases, Animal embryology, Vitamin A, Clinical report

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