The sigma factors of Bacillus subtilis

Article Abstract:

The expression of Bacillus subtilis sigma factors involves transcriptional and posttranslational control systems. Sigma factor activity is regulated by proprotein sequences and anti-sigma factor proteins. Removal of the proprotein sequences leads to irreversible stimulation of sigma factor activity, while reassociation of the sigma factor and its regulator reverses the activation by binding protein release. Sigma factor degradation or disruption of the cell in which the sigma factor is active results in the silencing of sigma factor-dependent genes.

Analysis, Bacillus subtilis, Genetic regulation

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Virulence factors of the family Legionellaceae

Article Abstract:

The pathogenetic mechanism of infection by the bacterium family Legionellaceae is described. Ingestion of the organisms causes phagocyte inactivation by inhibiting the function of neutrophils and monocytes. Cytoxins released by Legionella organism interfere with the neutrophil oxidative metabolism. In addition, phosphatase prevents formation of superoxide anions. Several cell moieties also help attack the monocytes, which further reinforces intracellular bacterial activities.

Bacteria, Pathogenic, Pathogenic bacteria, Legionella pneumophila

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Seasonal variation in human reproduction: environmental factors

Article Abstract:

Seasonal variations have pronounced affects on the capacity of a human population to reproduce continuously. Environmental factors, such as food availability, high temperature and photoperiod, suppress spermatogenesis, ovulation, and frequency of conception respectively in some populations.

Environmental aspects, Human reproduction, Reproduction (Biology), Reproduction, Seasonal variations (Biology)

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