Cross-cultural training effectiveness: a review and a theoretical framework for future research

Article Abstract:

Increased internationalization in the economic, political, and social arenas has led to greater interpersonal cross-cultural conflict. Because much of this contact has not been successful, cross-cultural training has been proposed by many scholars as a means of facilitating more effective interaction. A review of the cross-cultural training literature is presented, and it is determined that cross-cultural training in general is effective. The article also offers a theoretical framework based on social learning theory for understanding past research and for guiding future research; this is important because in this context variables seem to operate differently in international versus domestic areas. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Intercultural education, Multicultural education, Employee training

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The environment and internal organization of multinational enterprises

Article Abstract:

Multiple sources of exernal authority and multiple denominations of value are two distinguishing aspects of the environment faced by multinational enterprises (MNEs). After defining the MNE as an organizational form, we examine the research implications of these two environmental influences on four aspects of MNE internal organization: modes of entry abroad, configuration of activities, coordination and control, and competitive strategy. We present general propositions to guide future research and argue that multiple sources of authority and multiple denominations of value require cross-disciplinary research efforts in order to fully understand the MNE as an organizational form. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

International aspects, International business enterprises, Multinational corporations, Corporate culture, Industrial organization

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Toward a comprehensive model of international adjustment: an integration of multiple theoretical perspectives

Article Abstract:

Primarily because of the significant rate and costs of failed international assignments, the attention paid by scholars to the topic of international adjustment has increased recently. Unfortunately, most of the work has been without substantial theoretical grounding. In an effort to move toward a theoretical framework for guiding future research, this article integrates theoretical and empirical work of both the international and the domestic adjustment literatures. This integration provides a more comprehensive framework than might be obtained from either of the literatures alone. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Psychological aspects, Analysis, Employment abroad, Overseas employment, Management research, Adjustment (Psychology), Psychological research, Business literature

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