Foreign policy export controls and American multinational corporations

Article Abstract:

The increasing utilization of foreign policy export controls by the U.S. Government has generated considerable conflicts with American multinational corporations. The exercise of such controls against the Soviet Union, Iran, Nicaragua, Libya, and other countries entails loss of sales for many American firms and also threatens important MNC objectives such as free trade, corporate autonomy and neutrality, and contract sanctity. However, the Executive Branch has discovered that the administrative and political difficulties encountered in linking trade to diplomatic purpose are formidable, and that the internationalization of production by American MNCs has made it difficult to regulate foreign access to the American 'capitalist warehouse' as required by trade sanctions. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Usage, International aspects, Economic policy, Political aspects, Export controls

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The Middle East response to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

Article Abstract:

Critics of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices ACT (FCPA) have claimed that the FCPA has destabilized friendly regimes, hurts U.S. exports, and constitutes moral imperialism. This article evaluates the impact of the FCPA on 26 Middle Eastern and North African states over the past decade. It traces host-country response to specific FCPA-related scandals and explores the possible destabilizing effects of these scandals; investigates the impact of the FCPA on U.S. competitiveness in the Middle East, particularly vis-a-vis European and Asian competition; and discusses the role the FCPA may have played in curbing corruption in the Middle East. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Middle East, Ethical aspects, United States foreign relations, Corporations, Northern Africa, Corporate corruption, Africa, North

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