Japan tidal wave

Article Abstract:

The Tokyo Stock Exchange in the first quarter of 1990 experienced a 22% decrease in stock values, but Japanese corporations still are aggressively pursuing capital investments at rates which are three times higher than investments made by their US counterparts. The objectives of Japanese investment is to develop and market novel products in half the time, with half the staff, and for one-fourth the cost required at present. The Japanese are paying special attention to money-saving technology and human resources. Recent Japanese spending efforts have included building an R&D lab in Michigan to take advantage of extant US technology and by sending engineers to language school in order to improve their communication skills. Experts believe that companies which want to be globally competitive will have to parallel Japanese efforts by increasing their investment in R&D.

United States, Investments, Capital investments

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European winners

Article Abstract:

European Community (EC) companies that have achieved successful sales records in Japanese domestic markets have relied on methods that include finding a niche, learning the complex Japanese distribution system, and applying outside pressure. Japanese companies are expert at mass production, but often overlook speciality niches which have benefited European firms. The newly acquired affluence of the Japanese citizen has created demand for expensive specialty goods, such as foreign cars, designer clothes, and exclusive foods. Market strategies that point to quality also have met with success. One example, Nippon Lever, a subsidiary of the GB-Dutch consumer products firm Unilever, analyzed the distribution system and has achieved success selling household products and frozen food.

International trade, International business enterprises, Multinational corporations, European Union

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M & A the Japanese way

Article Abstract:

The Japanese have learned to conduct mergers and acquisitions successfully, and they are bringing their new skills to Europe. The Japanese have three main mergers and acquisitions goals: to gain entry to markets and networks of distribution; to obtain new technology and patent rights; and to diversify. The European market is especially attractive to the Japanese because they would like to make outside investments before the internal market is established in 1992.

Mergers, acquisitions and divestments, Acquisitions and mergers, International aspects, Financial markets

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