On the equivalence of resale price maintenance and quantity restrictions

Article Abstract:

The economic equivalence of vertical restraints was analyzed in terms of the price policies involving resale price maintenance (RPM) and quantity rationing (QR). Many manufacturers chose RPM over QR although the former involved higher monitoring costs than the latter. Minimum RPM was perceived to be a vertical restrain since it increases the difference between the price a retailer received and the wholesale price paid. It was revealed that minimum RPM and QR were only equivalent in the event that the margin between the retailer's cost and the price floor was adequate.

Pricing Policy, Restraint of trade, Resale price maintenance, Price maintenance

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Exchange rate pass-through in two-period duopoly

Article Abstract:

Perverse temporary exchange rate pass-through fluctuations can occur regardless of how prices are set or the level of capital mobility. Because of complementary demands, duopolists are not under pressure to operate each period in the elastic period of their demand functions.

Prices and rates, Foreign exchange, Foreign exchange rates, Duopolies

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Optimal symmetric punishments in a Bertrand differentiated products duopoly

Article Abstract:

Product differentiation can relieve inter-corporate competition, prevent price wars and facilitate collusive pricing. In price wars, negative prices lead to collusion; positive prices increase length and intensity of the price wars.

Economic aspects, Product differentiation

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