Paying guests

Article Abstract:

European nations have a strong dependence on foreign workers. In France, foreign immigrants supply significant proportions of the labor force in certain industries: 25% in construction and public works; 18% in commerce and service; 15% in materials and mining; and 13% in the automobile industry. Other European nations with a great dependence on foreign workers are Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Foreign laborers, who come from former colonies, Turkey, and from the poorer countries of Eastern Europe, will face increasing competition from workers from the newly liberated Eastern European countries such as East Germany, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. The influx of Eastern European workers will have the effect of pushing down wages.

Economic aspects, Alien labor, Foreign labor

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The aftermath

Article Abstract:

Guinness PLC in 1990 has overcome a 1986 corporate crisis which resulted in the resignation of its former CEO, as well as a long-term financial scandal, because of efforts of current CEO Anthony Tennant. Under Tennant's direction, Guinness has expanded by increasing sales of some of the firm's whiskey brands, and by expanding aggressively in Asian and European markets. Statistics indicate that 1989 sales reached three billion pounds sterling and demonstrated profit increases in Europe and Asia of 28% and 48%, respectively. Guinness also entered into a lucrative joint venture with Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton, and made alliances with Bacardi in Spain and Underberg K.G. in Germany.

Management, Case studies, Acquisitions and mergers, Crisis management, Guinness PLC, Tennant, Anthony, company profile

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Players' market

Article Abstract:

The sporting-goods market in Europe is a major sector of the economy. According to statistics from research publisher Frost & Sullivan, the combined sporting-wear market of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy amounted to $7.8 billion in 1988, and should amount to $9 billion by 1994. There has been a major increase in participation in sports in Europe, and the sporting-goods industries account for 2% of the GDP of the European Community. Statistics from sports marketing company International Sports and Leisure reveal that European companies are spending $1.8 billion annually on sports sponsorships, and sponsorships are increasing at an annual rate of 7%.

Sporting and athletic goods, not elsewhere classified, Statistics, European Union, Sports sponsorship, Sporting goods industry, International Sports and Leisure, Frost and Sullivan Ltd.

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