The privatised utilities and the windfall tax

Article Abstract:

The United Kingdom government has imposed an excess profits tax on privatized utilities affecting stockholders and directors, with funds from the tax used to tackle youth unemployment. Abnormal profits are those gained by companies which can use their dominant position in a market. Companies can pay more tax, while continuing to invest and retain jobs if they are able to make abnormal profits. There have been political reasons for the tax as well as economic reasons, and the issue of equity involves both political and economic considerations.

Taxation, Electric utilities, Water utilities, Excess profits tax

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Marks and Spencer - a retailer under strain

Article Abstract:

Retail chain Marks and Spencer is one of the most profitable companies in the UK, but has recently come under considerable financial pressure. Strategies to improve its financial position such as cutting staff and reducing investment in training would put the company in danger of eliminating the qualities that make it a distinctive brand. Marks and Spencer must work hard to strike a balance between the innovation required to remain competitive and the corporate values through which it achieved its strong market position.

Retail industry, Retail trade, Marks and Spencer PLC

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Britain's railways: an industry in crisis?

Article Abstract:

The factors that have combined to create the crisis currently facing the UK's railway network are discussed. It is suggested that there is now widespread support for a radical reorganization of the rail industry that will encourage investment, safety and accountability.

Transportation, Railroad holding companies

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