Cash flow and a company's health

Article Abstract:

Corporate cash flows are subject to variety of influences; among the factors affecting a company's cash flow are: changes in the general economy, product innovations (its own or the competition's), technological changes that affect production, consumer behavior, unexpected competition or changes in competitors' behavior, management decisions and changes in management personnel, governmental actions, adverse industrial relations, and natural disasters. Companies faced with cash requirements that they cannot meet must select from the following alternatives: postponing expenditures to minimize cash outflow, accelerating cash inflows, recapturing past cash outflows or negotiating reduced cash outlays. Managing corporate resources to minimize the occurrence of cash flow problems is discussed with the objective of maintaining a cash flow equilibrium.

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The ECU: a real asset?

Article Abstract:

The European Currency Unit (ECU) was established along with the European Monetary System in order to facilitate trade between European Community members by ameliorating the volatility of exchange rate fluctuations of member currencies. The ECU is also an ideal currency of account for international trading partners, offering the advantages of neutrality and stability in the areas of: invoicing; setting price lists; and managing exchange risk. Firms interested in exploiting the advantages of the ECU should gradually introduce the currency in parallel with other currencies in order to achieve familiarization at all levels of operation.

United Kingdom, Euro (Currency), European Community

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Cash management comes to the ball

Article Abstract:

Cash management is comprised of: items dealing with working capital such as minimizing working capital requirements; techniques that reduce cash transmission costs; and establishing the most effective bank account configuration. Other principal areas of cash management include: working capital management; the payment cycle; cash transmission techniques; the clearing system; international funds clearing; banking relations; using bank networks; cash pooling; concentration accounts; internal financial controls; and reporting system controls.

Banking industry, Internal auditing, Bookkeeping

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