Insect resistance to Bt crops: evidence versus theory

Article Abstract:

An analysis of the observations and conclusions of the studies of the resistance to Bt crops in field populations of six main insect pests, from Australia, China, Spain, and the United States and comparison of the proofs to the outcomes from the computer modeling of resistance evolution based on the theory underlying the refuge strategy are presented. It is inferred that field outcomes from the monitoring information are in agreement with the theory underlying the refuge strategy and that the refuges have aided to delayed resistance.

China, Spain, Plants

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The prevalence of patent interferences in gene technology

Article Abstract:

The process by which the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) determines which of the applicants was the first to invent and diligently reduce the invention to practice is known as Interference. The different case studies based on the discovery, patenting and commercialization of genetic inventions for a set of seven diseases having genetic cause shows the role of interference in gene technology.

Technology application, Gene expression, Patent extensions

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Bt-resistance management-theory meets data

Article Abstract:

Expression of single toxins throughout the growing season could result in pests evolving resistance to the toxin's effect. It is reported that plants with two Bt toxins have the potential to delay insect resistance more effectively than single toxin plants.

Methods, Comparative analysis, Plant toxins

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