Aqueous solutions of calcium ions: hydration numbers and the effect of temperature

Article Abstract:

Hydration numbers of calcium ions are determined from extensive measurements of colligative properties of water solutions of calcium salts. The hydration numbers reported refer to the average number of water molecules that are bound sufficiently strongly to calcium ions so as to be removed from the solvent and become part of the solute and the vapor pressure measurements from 0 to 200 degree Celsius show a gradual decrease in hydration number with increasing temperature, with a value of 5.0 at 200 degree Celsius.

Calcium ions, Thermal properties, Aqueous solution reactions

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Hydration of sulfonated polyamide membranes: II. Water uptake and hydration mechanisms of protonated homopolymer and block copolymers

Article Abstract:

The hydration of sulfonated polyamide membranes in their protonated form is probed by infrared spectrometry using a recently described method. The membranes considered are the homopolymer, made of identical sulfonated repeat units, and two block copolymers composed of the units plus similar ones with no sulfonic groups in two different proportions.

Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical preparations, Cyclic Crude and Intermediate Manufacturing, Medicinals and botanicals, Sulfonamides, Sulfonamide Preparations, Infrared spectroscopy, Properties, Structure

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