Nature's inventory of halogenation catalysts: Oxidative strategies predominate

Article Abstract:

An inventory of halogen-containing natural products revealed 2300 organochlorines, 2100 organobromines, 120 organiodines and 30 organofluorines. The larger representation of chlorinate and brominate metabolites probably reflects the ample amount of chloride and bromide ions in microenvironments of terrestrial and marine producer organisms.

Electric properties, Chlorination, Halogenation, Organoboranes

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Molecular catalysts for water oxidation

Article Abstract:

Water oxidation in oxygen-evolving-center in photosynthesis involves manganyl Mn=O species in a redox system. Research indicates that Di- and tetranuclear manganese complexes, mono-, di-, and trinuclear ruthnium complexes, and chloride or hypochlorite ions are some of the molecular catalysts capable of evolving oxygen from water.

Japan, Statistical Data Included, Research, Physiological aspects, Manganese, Oxidation, Physiological, Physiological oxidation, Water, Photosynthesis research, Photochemical research

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Acid catalysts in industrial hydrocarbon chemistry

Article Abstract:

The study explains the synthesis and the characteristics of various acid catalysts that are commonly employed in the industrial hydrocarbon chemistry. These catalysts are widely used in oil refining and petrochemistry.

Petroleum Refineries, Petroleum refining, Refinery Processes NEC, Methods, Observations, Petroleum, Catalysis

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