Collisional melange development: geologic associations of active melange-forming process with exhumed melange facies in the western Banda orogen, Indonesia

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted on several exhumed melange facies in the western Band orogen, Indonesia, to determine the structural and stratigraphic connections between various facies in the region and nearby active melange-forming processes. The approach involved the analysis of block assemblages, clay mineral and microfaunal characteristics of the melange matrix, and offshore seismic reflection profiles. Results showed that melange-forming processes are similar to those in the Sonnebait Disruption Zone and produce distinctive mixed block-in-clay facies melange that is common in most of the hinterland in the Banda orogen.

Indonesia, Geology, Stratigraphic, Stratigraphy, Facies (Geology), Geologic facies

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Thrust-related very low grade metamorphism in the marginal part of an orogenic wedge, Scandinavian Caledonides

Article Abstract:

Structural mapping coupled with a clay mineral crystallinity survey helps to study the pattern and characteristics of thrust-related very low grade metamorphism in the marginal part of the Scandinavian Caledonides. A consistent relationship exists between the pattern of metamorphic grade and the geometry of the thrusts within the Lower Allochthon. Variations in critical wedge geometry and the controlling boundary conditions affect changes in the metamorphic pattern in the area. Stages of development of the orogenic thrust-wedge are described.

Usage, Thrust faults (Geology), Thrust faults, Clay minerals, Metamorphism (Geology)

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Structural expressions and tectonic implications of general noncoaxial flow in the midcrust of a collisional orogen: the northern Scandinavian Caledonides

Article Abstract:

Noncoaxial flow in the midcrust of the northern Scandinavian Caledonides provided the kinematic link between upper crustal extension and deeper thrusting during collisional orogenesis. The basal part of the Caledonian nappe stack underwent heterogeneous noncoaxial flow. The flow contained both foreland directed simple shear and subvertical pure shear. The flow spread the Caledonian allochthon during its thrust emplacement.

Earth, Crust (Geology), Nappes (Geology), Nappes

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