Indirect effects and habitat use in an intertidal community: interaction chains and interaction modifications

Article Abstract:

Linked direct interactions between species pairsand interaction modifications in a multispecies assemblage were investigated. The study was conducted at Tatoosh Island, a rocky intertidal community 0.5 km off the northwestern tip of Washington state. In this community, limpets (Lottia digitalis) dislodge or consume young acorn barbacles (Balanus glandula). Bird predators consume limpets, but their ability to find limpets isless effective in the presence of acorn barnacles, whose shell color is like that of limpets. The necessity of knowing pairwise direct interactions for predictions of interaction modifications was discussed.

Analysis, Biotic communities, Seashore ecology

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Maternal energy investment in elephant seal pups: evidence for sexual equality?

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to evaluate maternal behavior elephant seals and their energy investment among their offspring. The study applied labeled water methodology and considered factors of pup milk intake, field metabolic rate, mass change and body composition for the nursing and postweaning periods. Results show that such investment was not conditioned by pup sex and lack evidence to invalidate the theory of equal investment in the sexes.

Elephant seals, Parental behavior in animals, Animal parental behavior

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Bobolink polygyny in a homogeneous habitat: a test of the asynchronous settlement model

Article Abstract:

An assessment was made of Leonard's asynchronous settlement model of polygyny among territorial species of animals. This model proposes that the costs of polygynous nesting can be cut down to increase the chances of polygyny if asynchronous nesting is occurring in a territory. Bobolinks were studied to show that polygyny was not helped by asynchronous nesting.

Behavior, Natural history, Bird eggs, Bird nests, Nest building, Polygamy, Fringillids, Fringillidae

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