Single-sex broods and the evolution of nonsiblicidal parasitoid wasps

Article Abstract:

The evolution of nonsiblicidal parasitoid wasps as exemplified by Argochrysis armilla was investigated. Genetic models show that it is not easy to evolve nonsiblicidal behavior because of the predominance of conditions which favor siblicidal behavior. However, A. armilla produces predominantly single-sex broods. A modelwas developed to show that single-sex broods relax the conditions that make it stringent for a nonsiblicidal allele to invade a siblicidal population while simultaneously making conditions stringent for the invasion of siblicidal alleles into a nonsiblicidal population.

Genetic aspects, Wasps, Parasitism

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Information processing and the evolutionary ecology of cognitive architecture

Article Abstract:

The dependence of an organism's performance of ecologically important tasks on information processing was discussed. An evolutionary approach to cognition and cognitive architecture was outlined, and the bumblebee was presented as an ideal organism for studies of the evolution of cognitive structures. The results of studies with bumblebees showed that information processing by worker bees follows the expected utility theory. Utility is a biomechanical function that relates floral reward sizes to net energetic gain rates.

Analysis, Behavior, Animal behavior, Bumblebees

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Learning and foraging: individuals, groups, and populations

Article Abstract:

A review of models and experiments investigating the effects of learning on foraging was conducted. Experiments on optimality and descriptive models of how animals keep track of environmental changes were compared. A model of how sampling strategies are affected when animals forage in a group was examined, and its predictions were tested in studies involving starlings. A model was also used to study the effects of migration costs and individual learning rules on prey mortality and spatial distribution.

Learning in animals, Animal learning

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