Common agency contracting and the emergence of "open science" institutions

Article Abstract:

The open-science institution's radical social innovation partly determines a significant part of the impact of modern science. Moreover, open-science institutions are independent, and to some degree, it measures random political and social constructs. Furthermore, openness play an important role in the maintenance of the systematic effectiveness of scientific research of today. However, they are very prone to the withdrawal of public-minded protection and patronage.

Research & Development, Scientific Research and Development Services, Models, Research institutes, Science

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Generational accounting in Europe

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to analyze the effects of demographic transition on the intergenerational stance of current fiscal policy within the European Union. Generational accounting was utilized to carry out the analysis. Computations were carried out with the same software package and were based on a real growth rate of 1.5%. Results indicated that intergenerational imbalances among the countries differed tremendously.

Accounting Methods, Europe, Economic aspects, Accounting, European Union

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Self reliance as a poverty criterion: trends in earnings-capacity poverty, 1975-1992

Article Abstract:

An analysis of self-reliance measures used as a poverty criterion reveals that poverty rates are found among groups considered most vulnerable and that the poverty for some groups approaches group-specific poverty rates. The study also finds that there have been improvements in self reliance for the groups most vulnerable to poverty while all other groups have shown a steady deterioration.

Accounting and auditing, Poverty, Social economics, Socioeconomics, Self reliance, Self-reliance

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