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Crises and bail-outs of banks and countries: linkages, analogies, and differences

Article Abstract:

The banking crises which have affected a number of industrial nations and the financial problems they encountered were examined from the perspectives of international finance, the economics of regulation and public policy. It was concluded that proper internal and external governance does not ensure complete stability in banking. Market discipline may falter if market participants do not have sufficient information. While additional regulatory arrangements are called for in market failures, the protection which they provide should be evaluated and the economic costs of bail-outs should not be excessive.

Author: De Bonis, Riccardo, Giustiniani, Alessandro, Gomel, Giorgio
Publisher: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Publication Name: World Economy
Subject: Economics
ISSN: 0378-5920
Year: 1999
Banking industry, Bank failures

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Labor market rigidities: at the root of unemployment in Europe

Article Abstract:

The prevailing problem of unemployment in most European countries is attributed to rigid labor market regulations. The widespread institution of higher wages, more generous unemployment benefits, centralization of wage formation, high unionization and coverage rates are believed to contribute to the problem. Also, legislations that provide for job protection such as layoff constraints and firing restrictions discourage efforts to create new jobs. Significant reforms in these labor rules must be initiated to ease the burden of unemployment in Europe.

Author: Siebert, Horst
Publisher: American Economic Association
Publication Name: Journal of Economic Perspectives
Subject: Economics
ISSN: 0895-3309
Year: 1997
Analysis, Europe, Economic policy, Labor economics, Labor policy

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Employment and unemployment in the 1930s

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the US Great Depression in the 1930s on employment and unemployment levels. The study considers conventional statistics for the US labor market and also focuses on disaggregated studies of the two economic variables. Results show that an exclusive focus on aggregate labor statistics incurs a possible risk of generating facts which do not perfectly describe the events of the 1930s. In addition, diverse conditions and census microdata must be considered for analyzing such major economic events.

Author: Margo, Robert A.
Publisher: American Economic Association
Publication Name: Journal of Economic Perspectives
Subject: Economics
ISSN: 0895-3309
Year: 1993
Employment, United States economic conditions, 1930s (Decade) AD

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Subjects list: Economic aspects, Depressions, Economic depressions, Unemployment
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