Democracy and enlarging the European Union eastwards

Article Abstract:

The EU regards commitment to democratic processes as a crucial requirement for the approval of the membership applications of Eastern European countries. Some observers have expressed doubts regarding the stability of democracy in Central and Eastern Europe. However, public opinion surveys in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovenia, Romania and Bulgaria show widespread public support for the existing democratic governments. Given that there is strong commitment to democracy in the region, the main obstacle to EU membership for Central and Eastern European countries is the lack of market institutions.

Eastern Europe, Central Europe

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Austria in the European Union

Article Abstract:

Austria applied for EU membership in 1989 and began ministerial negotiations on membership in 1993. In June 1994, a referendum was held in which the Austrian electorate gave its clear approval for EU membership. The economic and political adjustments to EU membership revolved around agriculture, transit traffic and regulations on the sale of Alpine properties. The coalition government is determined to establish Austria as a leader in differentiated integration efforts, especially in efforts to effect monetary union.

Austria, Austrian foreign relations

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Norway and Europe: 1972 and now

Article Abstract:

Norwegian voters rejected in Nov. 1994 the terms of entry into the EU which was negotiated by their government. The Norwegians' rejection of EU membership may be attributed to unresolved issues regarding the energy sector, fisheries, agriculture and regional policy. However, it can also be traced to issues dating back to 1972, when a minority Labor government applied for EU membership for the first time but failed due to opposition from the Norwegian electorate.

Norway, Norwegian foreign relations

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