Impact of free trade on industrial pollution: do pollution havens exist?

Article Abstract:

Trade in polluting products has expanded faster in developing countries than in developed countries. An empirical examination of the relation between international trade agreements and the state of industrial pollution in Southeast Asia shows that factors such as high import growth and import tariffs lead to dirty-product expansion. Variation in environmental standards between developing and developed countries hardly influence the location of dirty-product imports. Use of green technology with dirty-product operations can lessen the harmful effect of dirty-product migration on the environment.

Testing, Environmental aspects, Pollution, Commercial treaties, Trade agreements, Free trade

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Policy conflicts in Indonesia: the impact of the current account deficit target on growth, equity and stability

Article Abstract:

The Indonesian government seems to believe that adopting a target ceiling for the current account deficit (CAD) greater than 2% of GDP would have a negative impact on growth, equity and stability, the main elements of the country's economic policy. In fact, this may not be the case. Indeed, adopting such a low ceiling for the CAD could be creating economic problems, rather than preventing them. Widespread concern about the CAD in Indonesia is unjustified, but the government would be well advised to abandon targeting of the CAD.

Balance of payments, Economic policy, Indonesia

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Business services and institutional support for industrial development in Vietnam

Article Abstract:

The dependence of Vietnam's manufacturing industries on various business services is analyzed. Results show that manufacturing industries rely on process and technology-related services, business management and marketing services and financial, and insurance services. A regulatory framework for the activities of service providers remains absent. There is also a lack of business associations that address the needs of manufacturing industries.

Analysis, Manufacturing industry, Manufacturing industries, Vietnam, Services industry, Service industries, Industrial development, Industrialization

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