Insiders and outsiders in a community of Europeans: a reply to Kostakopoulou

Article Abstract:

An affirmation of nationhood, rules of citizenship and the perception of a shared destiny can provide a sense of community among people lacking visible homogeneity. Essentialism will continue to exist among such populations even in the absence of any policy defining insiders and outsiders. Exclusionist and negative sentiments toward outsiders already exist among member states in the European Union. A greater sense of Europeanness may perhaps promote a softer attitude and greater tolerance for those visibly different from the European majority.

International Affairs, European Community, Europe, Political activity, Political aspects, Race relations, International agencies, International organizations

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A community of Europeans: the requisite underpinnings

Article Abstract:

Some analysts assume that the development of an international community is rooted in having people who share a homogenous culture. Such an observation contrasts with the international economic integration espoused by the 1992 Treaty on European Union. Economic theories indicate that individual belief in homogeneity is essential for integration to take place. The EC is considered a primary example of a successful integration.

European federation, International economic integration, Economic integration

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Regulatory competition in the single market

Article Abstract:

The iterative regulatory competition process is analyzed in terms of EC conditions. Business-government interactions affected the process in complex and unpredictable ways. This impact weakened the case for regulatory competition as a better alternative to the EC Council's harmonization program. In addition, cost-benefit analysis showed that regulatory competition worked best in partnership with harmonization.

Analysis, Competition (Economics), Single European market

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