Legal form, growth and exit of West German firms -- empirical results for manufacturing, construction, trade and service industries

Article Abstract:

The degree of success of business enterprises is an important generator of data for employment policies in different countries. This may be assessed using the firms' survival capacity and growth. In West Germany, a major contributor to a firm's longevity and growth is the firm's legal form. Limited liability companies have the greatest likelihood of positive performance as compared to other legal forms. Termination of businesses, however, should not be treated homogeneously as voluntary and involuntary liquidations stem from highly disparate economic and social factors.

Business, Analysis, Limited liability companies, Growth, Corporate growth, Business success, Liquidation

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Excluding capacity-constrained entrants through exclusive dealing: theory and an application to ocean shipping

Article Abstract:

It is determined whether loyalty contracts in ocean shipping can inhibit lower cost capacity-constrained entrants. The competitive effects of exclusive dealing contracts with three players, namely, an incumbent, an entrant who is more efficient but capacity-constrained and a buyer are examined. It is shown that loyalty contracts could be an effective entry barrier and that the result is not socially efficient. Exclusive dealing contracts in the ocean shipping market are examined and are found to give linear conferences an unfair edge.

Deep sea foreign trans. of freight, Deep Sea Foreign Transport, Deep Sea Freight Transportation, Research, Contracts, Shipping industry, Marine transportation, Exclusive dealing agreements

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Excess Capacity and Rationalisation in the West European Synthetic Fibres Industry

Article Abstract:

The process of rationalization in an international oligopoly is examined. The early period showed protection for the weaker companies through reduced competition. After the cartel was abandoned, competitive practices increased, reducing the number or competitors.

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