Monetary and nonmonetary punishment in the voluntary contributions mechanism

Article Abstract:

A method of studying the informal and formal sanctions or punishments in voluntary contributions mechanism is presented. Formal sanctions are fines or restrictions emanating from legal systems and informal sanctions are restrictions that emerge from peer pressure, gossip etc. The object is to promote cooperation within the team.

Management dynamics, New Zealand, Georgia, Management, Work groups, Teamwork (Workplace), Company business management, Employee discipline, Labour discipline

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A theory of defensive skill-biased innovation and globalization

Article Abstract:

A dynamic general-equilibrium model of trade and innovation to examine the impact of trade integration between industrialized and developing countries on wage inequalities is presented.

Industrialized Countries, Developing Countries, Comparative analysis, Industrial nations, Wage gap

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Inefficient foreign borrowing: a dual- and common-agency perspective

Article Abstract:

The various factors that influence the foreign borrowings of countries are examined. The implications of uncoordinated borrowings are studied.

Administration of General Economic Programs, International economic relations, Foreign Aid-Loans, Foreign loans, Countries

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