New Zealand trade policy and the 1996 WTO Review

Article Abstract:

The World Trade Organization's 1996 trade policy review for New Zealand failed to take note of the New Zealands protectionist attitude towards its textile, clothing and footwear industries as well as its insistence on using anti-dumping sanctions to address trade imbalance. The report also failed to note the authority of New Zealand's export monopoly agricultural marketing boards, as well as the action of the pharmaceutical subsidy mechanism, which tends to prevent the entry and competitiveness of newly introduced drugs in the New Zealand pharmaceutical market.

Trade Regulations NEC, Investigations, World Trade Organization, New Zealand, Trade policy, International trade regulation, Commercial policy

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Exchange rate policy and disinflation: the Spanish experience in the ERM

Article Abstract:

The most inspiring period of Spanish exchange rate policy is considered to be between June 1989 and September 1992, a period when the peseta was in a stable ERM. The formal ERM membership in June 1989, as a strategy of exchange rate stabilization, became effective in the early 1990's, considering that exchange rate target was increasing along with international reserves. The exchange-rate-based disinflation program is not successful in decreasing inflation differential and has most likely worsened the business cycle in the early 1990's.

Economic Statistics & Research, Analysis, Foreign exchange, Economic conditions, Inflation (Finance), Spain, Monetary policy, Inflation (Economics)

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Privatisation in the Visegrad countries: a comparative assessment

Article Abstract:

The Visegrad countries, comprised of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, have begun achieving private sector growth since the start of the transformation from a planned economy to a market economy. Progress is evidenced by the countries' increased gross domestic product (GDP), increasing productivity and joint ventures, rising connection to West European and other international markets, as well as a stable increase in private sector shares of GDP, employment, investment and trade.

Private Sector GDP, Europe, Economic aspects, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Privatization, Privatization (Business)

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