Pyroelectric X-ray generator

Article Abstract:

Pyroelectric CsNO3 crystals next to a gold foil produce X-rays when the temperature is increased from 77 to 300 calories. If the temperature is reduced from 300 to 77 calories, CsNO3 becomes an electric dipole and ejects electrons from the negative end. If the temperature is increased within a temperature range that varies with crystals, the dipole ejects electrons from the positive end. L X-rays are produced by the gold foil when bombarded with electrons from the positive end. However, the generator does not produce K X-rays, indicating its 25.5 keV upper limit for ejected electrons' energy.

Research, Usage, X-rays, Pyroelectricity

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How the chip changed it all

Article Abstract:

The world was changed when Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce, founders of Intel, developed the first microprocessor chip in 1971 in Mountain View, CA. The new chip could do the work of a room-sized computer and made the invention of the microcomputer possible. The history of the microprocessor is traced.

Semiconductor industry, CPUs (Central processing units), Microprocessors, History

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Sheila Dow's concept of dualism: clarification, criticism and development

Article Abstract:

Dow's concept of dualism is highlighted. The development and criticisms of the Dow's concepts is explained. The difference between the heuristic dualism and fixed dualism is also specified.

Interpretation and construction, Works, Dualism, Dualism (Philosophy), Dow, Sheila

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