Structural unemployment: Spain versus Portugal

Article Abstract:

Structural rates of unemployment present a dilemma in the case of Spain and Portugal. Although both EC members share similar histories, Spain yields the region's highest unemployment rate of 24.4%, while Portugal accounts for the region's lowest at 6.8%. The discrepancy in rate structures is conditioned by the absence of simple mapping methods to relate labor-market characteristics and structural unemployment. In addition, persistence and economic shocks are vital factors to explain such diverse market standards.

Research, Employment, Spain, Unemployment, Portugal

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Consumption and the recession of 1990-1991

Article Abstract:

Economic data shows that a decrease in consumption was the most significant factor behind the prolonged recession. Whether the 'consumption shock' resulted from foresight of slow growth or animal spirits is a question that has been unresolved. Consumers may have been anticipating 'consumption shocks' and their affect on income. Or the consumption decline may have been caused by movements in consumption not influenced by future income expectations.

Gross national product, Tuberculosis, Recessions

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Theoretical aspects of transition

Article Abstract:

Changes in the political and economic atmosphere in central and eastern European countries from a repressive to a democratic atmosphere have shown a fall in industrial production during the first year of transition. This may be attributed to the initial disarray caused by economic reforms. Moreover, the countries which experienced the most severe decline also have the highest number of individuals that oppose reforms.

Economic aspects, Eastern Europe, Political reform, Industrial productivity, Central Europe

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