The cost of biopharmaceutical R&D: is biotech different?

Article Abstract:

The expenditures in developing and researching for new pharmaceuticals are investigated, in comparison to the cost of making traditional pharmaceuticals. It was found that the cost of developing biopharmaceuticals is less than that of traditional pharmaceuticals, with estimated costs for each approved biopharmaceutical at the preclinical stage, clinical stage and in total are $198 million, $361 million, and $559 millon, respectively. Details of the comparison in manufacturing costs are supplied.

Science & research, Research, Economic aspects

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Generic competition and market exclusivity periods

Article Abstract:

Generic competition for drugs which entered the market between 1995-2005 was analyzed in relation to the drugs' market exclusivity period (MEP). It was found that drugs with bigger sales draw more generic entrants compare to those with smaller sales, and that they experience longer MEPs. The impacts of Hatch-Waxman Act on MEPs are also determined.

Sales & consumption, Alliances, partnerships, Licensing/Sales Agreements, Licensing agreements, Company licensing agreement, Industry sales and revenue, Graph

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Commentary

Article Abstract:

An evaluation of the research paper entitled, "Entry and Competition in Generic Biologics", is given. The effects of cost of producing generic biologics on market entry and competition are examined.

Criticism and interpretation, Critical essay

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