The economic organization of 17th through mid 19th century whaling and shipping

Article Abstract:

The structural organization of shipping and whaling from 1600 to 1850 was examined. The study was done based on costly contracting and firm-specific investments entered to by the seamen. Two specific aspects of external constraints that affected the organization that protected the specific property rights were determined. The first external constraint was identified to be sharing in whaling against fixed-wage contracts in shipping. The second was concerned on the stress produced on the contractual relationship between the seamen and their employers due to the peace and war cycle.

Research, Economic aspects, Shipping industry, Whaling, Maritime contracts

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The role of Dutch auctions and lotteries in shaping the art market(s) of 17th century Holland

Article Abstract:

The proliferation of artworks in Holland in the 17th century forced Dutch art guilds to offer quality guarantees and resist public sales. They also placed restrictions on foreigners selling paintings to protect their trade. However, some dissenters organized their own sales through lotteries despite opposition by the guilds. They proved that demand for artworks can be engendered through other forms of marketing.

Marketing, History, Markets (Economics), Painting, Dutch, Dutch painting

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Criminal justice institutions as a common pool: the 19th century analysis of Edwin Chadwick

Article Abstract:

Edwin Chadwick, 19th century economist and utilitarian reformer, analyzed and developed clear recommendations for interrelated incentive alterations for both the enforcement and penal systems. An efficient public system of police enforcement and crime prevention has been instituted in the US due to Chadwick's emphasis.

United States, Analysis, Discrimination in criminal justice administration, Crime prevention, Criminal behavior, Criminal behaviour, Criminal justice, Chadwick, Edwin

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