The effect of adding a constant to all payoffs: experimental investigation, and implications for reinforcement learning models

Article Abstract:

Research was conducted to examine the impact of the addition of a constant to all payoffs on the development of descriptive learning models. Alternative modifications of the adjustable reference point model were compared by means of experiments. Results demonstrate that the impact is relatively insensitive to the range of the possible payoffs and that non-linearity cannot be explained by the presence or absence of zero in the payoff range.

Research, Decision-making, Decision making, Reinforcement (Psychology)

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Predicting how people play games: reinforcement learning in a experimental game with unique, mixed strategy equilibria

Article Abstract:

An evaluation of more than 100 games of mixed strategies that uses unique equilibrium to evaluate both ex ante and ex post predictive capabilities found that those incorporating components that model forgetting and experimentation proved to have better ex ante and ex post congruence. Such performance can be seen even in single parameter games wherein the reinforcement components are present.

Economics, Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities, Models, Evaluation, Learning models (Stochastic processes), Forecasting, Game theory, Stochastic models

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The speed of learning in noisy games: partial reinforcement and the sustainability of cooperation

Article Abstract:

A study examines the ability of individuals to learn to cooperate among themselves under various economic environments. Games are used to understand the psychology of individuals.

United States, Analysis, Cooperation (Economics), Cooperation, Learning ability

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