The evolution of economic policymaking in Africa

Article Abstract:

The majority of African countries have implemented a macroeconomic strategy in economic policymaking with the adoption of structural adjustment programs. Six obstacles that may hinder progress and the execution of efficient reform programs are ideology, interest groups, ignorance, risk, implementation and political liberalization. Possible solutions include competent leaders, acceptance of the responsibility for economic policy reform by African governments and civil society groups that will transform organizations from regional and ethnic associations to institutions aiming for economic interests.

Political aspects, Africa

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Assessing the performance of performance standards in public bureaucracies

Article Abstract:

Performance standards are studied in job-training programs under the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). These programs lack well-defined and quantifiable goals to measure performance. JTPA bureaucrats react to the incentives system but there is an exaggerated concern over cream-skimming to comply with the standards. Program managers work hard to satisfy the standards but employees do not always support these efforts. The performance incentives incorporated into the JTPA performance standards do not comply with the law that enacted the program.

Job Programs NEC, Research, Employment, Administrative agencies, Government agencies, Performance standards, Job performance standards

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Lessons from generational accounting in Japan

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to show how generational accounting can promote meaningful guidance in addressing policy issues in Japan. The sensitivity of the generational imbalance to real income growth and discount-rate assumptions was examined. Policy alternatives designed to realize absolute generational balance between present and future generations were then analyzed. Results indicated a broad consensus for immediate action in fiscal-policy reform to address possible fiscal burdens in the future.

Accounting Methods, Analysis, Usage, Japan, Accounting

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