Vertical relationships and competition in retail gasoline markets: empirical evidence from contract changes in Southern California

Article Abstract:

Retail stations in Los Angeles and San Diego are examined to see the impact of market share of independent stations and company-operated stations on retail prices. It is found that independent market stations acts as a factor to decrease the retail prices.

Market share, California, Company market share, Consumer price indexes

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Why did the ruble collapse in August 1998?

Article Abstract:

Exogenous factor combined with Russian fiscal policy led to the Russian ruble becoming vulnerable in Aug 1998.

Exchange Rates, Prices and rates, Foreign exchange, Ruble (Russia), Fiscal policy

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Why is Russian GDP growth slowing?

Article Abstract:

The negative effects of oil sector taxes on investments and the economic development of Russia are presented.

Taxes, Taxation, Gross domestic product, Tax policy

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