Peace cannot be imposed

Article Abstract:

Peace accords cannot be sustained unless the main protagonists voluntarily want to end the conflict. It will be virtually impossible to make Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic implement the Rambouillet peace accord, even if Nato succeeds in making him accept it via a bombing campaign. The majority of peace accords signed between 1989 and 1999 have failed, partly due to the incompatible goals of the former combatants. Single violent acts can destroy the entire peace process, or peace proposals may become unpalatable. The peace process in Northern Ireland is progressing with some success.

Interpretation and construction, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Peace treaties

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First casualty - democracy

Article Abstract:

The bombing of Yugoslavia by Nato has helped strengthen President Slobodan Milosevic's regime and has accelerated the exodus of refugees, contrary to Nato's stated aims. The bombing has also effectively eradicated the emergent democratic political opposition in Serbia and silenced the independent media. Serbians are increasingly demonstrating their support for Milosevic to show unity against Nato, while democratic movements have lost their international financial support. Serbian non-government organisations claim that civil society in Serbia is under threat because of Nato's attacks.

Column, Political aspects, Yugoslavia, Public opinion, Civil society

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Crass, crude and confused

Article Abstract:

Military action has become the main means of responding to regional conflicts worldwide, but military peacekeeping is ineffective unless applied within a credible social and political framework. Nato's air attack on Serbia is difficult to justify based on the conditions of the United Nations Charter, but military intervention is becoming increasingly commonplace in international affairs. The international community must demonstrate a moral basis for intervention and establish a clear mandate for military leaders.

Ethical aspects, Military aspects, Peacekeeping forces

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