Photorefractive phase conjugators

Article Abstract:

Phase conjugators produce a time-reversed replica of incident electromagnetic radiation. A review of a variety of optical phase conjugators using photorefractive materials is presented. These include self-pumped phase conjugators (SPPC), externally pumped phase conjugators (EPPC) and mutually pumped phase conjugators (MPPC). The unique property of phase reversal provides many novel device applications, including image restoration in optical fibers, phase conjugate fiber-optic gyros, phase-conjugate interferometers and image subtractors. The photorefractive effect and wave mixing in nonlinear media is discussed, as well as the various photorefractive phase conjugators.

Fiber optics, Technical, Optics, Electromagnetic radiation, Image Restoration, Phase Modulation

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A better statutory approach to whistle-blowing

Article Abstract:

Research studies conducted regarding whistle-blowing have revealed that the measures adopted by legislative authorities towards the issue are unnecessary. Authorities have assumed that whistleblowers are inclined to report illegal acts unless pressured from doing so due to fear. An alternative whistle-blowing model based on rewards and not on fear is proposed.

Laws, regulations and rules, Ethical aspects, Corporations, Whistle blowing, Whistleblowing, Corporate corruption, Reward (Ethics)

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At home with tax

Article Abstract:

Homeowners are able to get tax relief when they buy a house. Mortgage Interest Relief At Source (MIRAS) allows tax relief on interest on home loans up to 30,000 pounds sterling. The 20% relief will be cut to 15% from April 6, 1995. Homeowners who let out their property are taxed depending on whether they receive business income or investment income from it.

Taxation, Homeowners, Real property tax, Real property taxes

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