Queueing models for systems with synchronization constraints

Article Abstract:

Performance issues associated with synchronization within the parameters of queueing network modeling are examined in terms of a class of queueing networks generated by modeling interesting synchronization mechanisms created in many applications. These queueing systems can be characterized as those in which the time behavior of a natural state variable is given through a recursion with some monotonicity and convexity properties. This is much like the model representation for G-G-1 systems provided by Lindley's recursion, but new results are derived through a combination of techniques that are interesting both practically and theoretically for this class of queueing models for systems with synchronization. The same results do not appear to be easy to obtain using a Petri net statement of the problem.

Systems analysis, Queuing theory, System Design, Mathematics of Computing, Scientific Research, Resource Sharing, Models of Computation, Recursion, technical

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Time synchronization using laser techniques

Article Abstract:

Better time comparison methods are needed; there are currently no well-researched techniques for time comparison at one nanosecond or subnanosecond levels. The best atomic frequency standards and clocks cannot be compared accurately. Optical techniques offer the potential for improving present time coordination techniques because light waves are a part of the electromagnetic spectrum in frequencies well above radio-wave frequencies. Two major laser synchronization experiments involving spacecrafts are discussed: the success of the SIRIO 2/LASSO experiment is discussed; the Shuttle Time and Frequency Transfer (STIFT) is still in the proposal stage. The LASSO timing method has proven that geostationary satellites and simple equipment make it possible to transfer time with subnanosecond accuracy.

Time measurement, Satellite communications, Lasers, Laser

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Synchronization in digital communications networks

Article Abstract:

The performance and quality of telecommunications services are influenced by the synchronization or timing in digital communications networks. The links and nodes of a network are its basic elements. There are two basic switching concepts: circuit switching and packet switching. Time-division multiplexers/demultiplexers (MUX/DEMUX) at the input/output periphery of the nodes transform lower bit rate signals arriving in parallel into serial bit streams of a higher rate. Bit synchronization ensures that close transitions occur only when the logic states are defined and stable. There are three methods of organizing an architecture to achieve timing and synchronization in a network: plesiochronous, master-slave and mutual synchronization.

Digital communications, Networks, Telecommunications, Digital Communication, Throughput

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