Satellite-borne lidar observations of the earth: requirements and anticipated capabilities

Article Abstract:

Lidar systems are essential to high-resolution remote sensing from satellite-borne observation stations for earth systems sciences. NASA has developed the Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS), the Geodynamic Laser Ranging System (GLRS), and the Lidar Atmospheric Sounder and Altimeter (LASA). THe European Space Agency has an Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID) apparatus. LAWS uses the spectral shift in its backscattered radiation to determine wind velocity. The GLRS operates in an altimetry mode and in a retroranging pulse mode. LASA applies the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) technique to measure water vapor profiles. ATLID detects discontinuities in the distribution of water and aerosols by observing backscatter. These instruments are expected to play a key role in the proposed Earth Observing System (Eos.)

Systems analysis, Remote sensing, Lasers, Satellites (Astronomical bodies), Laser, System Design, Measurement Techniques, Satellites, NASA, Research Design

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Sensors and systems to enhance aviation safety against weather hazards

Article Abstract:

New high-tech electronic sensors and systems are being developed and installed to enhance aviation safety against weather hazards. Future systems will be based on Doppler weather radars that are able to detect and estimate the severity of atmospheric air motion and offer the best combination of resolution, coverage and agility for this purpose. New Doppler radar systems include the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar, the Next Generation Weather Radar and the Airport Surveillance Radar. The systems are designed to offer a higher level of monitoring performance, and when combined with improved satellite sounders and imagers, could prove to be powerful tools for enhancing aviation quality for years to come. Weather patterns, sensors and systems are discussed.

Aerospace industry, Navigation, Information systems, Technical, Meteorology, Safety, Sensor, Scientific Research

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