Time-dependent optical spectroscopy and imaging for biomedical applications

Article Abstract:

The application of optical spectroscopy and imaging in living tissue is complicated by multiple scattering of light. In spectroscopy, scattering causes uncertainty about the pathlength traveled in the tissue by photons, while images suffer degraded resolution and contrast. Fast detectors and picosecond light sources have obviated these problems by direct measurement of the photon time-of-flight. The clear advantages of photon migration as a diagnostic tool include the extremely high effective bandwidth of the signals. Potential areas for optical spectroscopy and imaging include tissue oxygenation and the detection of microstructural changes. Other potential advantages of optical spectroscopy and imaging are discussed in detail, with experimental data given.

Medical research, Imaging systems, Technical, Optics, Spectrometry, Imaging Technology

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Token-ring local-area networks and their performance

Article Abstract:

Token-access control scheme underlies two ring-topology local-area network (LAN) standards: the IEEE 802.5 Token Ring and the draft ANSI Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) standard for optical ring LANs. This overview of token ring LANs introduces basic characteristics of such networks, including star wiring, the wiring media, line coding, synchronization, token protocols, ring monitoring, ring interface adapters, and the layer architecture. Service, protocol and performance modeling of 802.5 and FDDI token ring networks are extensively described. A bridge architecture for the interconnection of multiple token ring LANs is introduced. The source routing, logical-link control, and performance of interconnected token rings are described.

Standard, Standardization, Systems analysis, Local area networks, LAN, Token ring networks, System Design, Performance, Ring Networks, Token Passing, FDDI, FDDI (Network standards)

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Self-processing networks and their biomedical implications

Article Abstract:

Self-processing networks are characterized by such global system properties as associative recall of stored memories, pattern classification, and learning, all arising from concurrent local interactions between the numerous network components. The nature of self-processing networks developed as models of intelligent systems in neuroscience, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence is discussed, and common principles are noted. These common themes emphasize intelligence as an emergent 'system property', stress the importance of parallelism to intelligent systems and include the notion of an active rather than passive memory. The historical evolution of these principles, along with their potential biomedical significance, is explored.

Neural networks, Technology, Cognitive science, Systems, technical, Neural Network, Biomedicine

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