Dynamic operation of chemical reactors: friend or foe?

Article Abstract:

Dynamic operation can provide favorable equilibrium, kinetics, mass transfer, heat transfer and mixing characteristics in chemical reactors. Dynamic operation involves not just the variation of feed concentrations but the development of catalysts as well. Possible risks in strongly exothermic reactions can be eliminated by flushing the catalyst bed with additional liquid. However, dynamic operation is more expensive than steady-state operations, necessitating the study of reactor and catalyst design.

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Tame microbiologically influenced corrosion

Article Abstract:

Microorganism-induced corrosion (MIC) occurs in metals exposed to various waters, chemicals, foodstuffs, crude and distillate fuels, human plasma and sewage. MIC is most severe when microbial consortia that includes the sulfate-reducing, acid-producing and metal-reducing types of bacteria interact within the structure of biofilms. MIC does not generate localized corrosion but produces pitting, crevice and underdeposit corrosion as well as enhanced galvanic and erosion-corrosion.

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Use limited life-cycle analysis for environmental decision-making

Article Abstract:

Limited life-cycle analysis (LLCA) is a quantitative estimate of the relative environmental impacts of alternative solutions to environmental problems. For instance, LLCA can be used in evaluating the relative merits of remediation alternatives for soil or water pollution. Undertaking an LLCA involves computing for the pollution factor for each pollutant first, based on the legally accepted concentration limits for each pollutant in each environmental medium.

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