Instructional Manipulation of Users' Mental Models for Electronic Calculators

Article Abstract:

By comparing novices with experts when both use various mental models (or no model) the more useful models tend to increase the tendency of the user to act like the experts. A sample of seventy- two students were put into three user groups: line group; stock group and no model group. There was an apparent underlying perception by the authors that the users accomplishments would be 1) incorrect performance, 2) impoverished performance, or 3) sophisticated performancej. Materials designed for the study were designed and furnished to the population under study.

Calculators, Study, Educational Testing, User Error

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Users are Individuals: Individualizing User Models

Article Abstract:

One problem in designing effective interactive systems is that the user model has been fixed and canonical. In some applications, users who deviate widely from the fixed model can not use the system effectively. Some techniques for constructing and modifying individual user models are presented. They are based on first having several types of models available. The system then makes guesses about the user based on his responses. The model is then modified appropriately until it is a workable model of the actual user.

Systems development, System Development, Interactive Systems

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Dynamics of Perception: Some New Models

Article Abstract:

The glance is used as a unit of conscious perception in the model presented here. It is defined as a change of focus in the eye which is followed by a period of fine eye movement in the domain of the new focal point. The internal structure of the glance is examined, followed by the structure of the process of successive glances. Finally, the structure of the processes induced by successive glances is explored. The theory is connected with the physiological properties of the eye.

Perception (Psychology), Cognitive science, Theory, Perception

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