Simulating Carbon Accumulation in Northern Ecosystems

Article Abstract:

High carbon dioxide levels will increase the temperature at northern latitudes. This in turn will influence the ecological balance in these regions and impact on global climate changes. A simulation model has been developed to assess the carbon balance. The Northern Ecosystems Carbon Simulator (NECS) was designed to estimate long-term changes in the nine types of northern ecosystems. The model incorporates such factors as plant biomass, dead organic matter, storage carbohydrates, season length, soil water content, depth of active layer, and temperatures of air, soil, and plants. Because of the complexity of the system, there is a high likelihood of error. Tables of equations, carbon sensitivity and flux rates, and variable parameter values are presented.

Biology, Ecology, Models, Resource Management, Sensitivity Analysis

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Simulating the 'Buck Rogers Backpack'

Article Abstract:

The Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), developed by Martin Marietta Aerospace, is a self-contained astronaut backpack propulsion device. The design of the MMU and details of how astronauts use this device for extravehicular activity are outlined. The Space Operations Simulation (SOS) facility is used for the MMU or other free-flyer development and crew training. It is a general-purpose simulator which can be used for several varied purposes. The design and capabilities of the SOS facility are described. Diagrams and photographs illustrate features of the MMU and the SOS facility.

Industrial research, Space flight, Design, Aerospace engineering, Research and Development, Training, Applications, Flight Simulator

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Simulating Saudi Arabia's Oil Export Strategy

Article Abstract:

Saudi Arabia's oil export strategy is simulated by a system dynamic model, which can be used for strategic planning by considering best and worst case scenarios. Graphs are presented which illustrate oil export quantities on a historical basis and then project oil export quantities into the future based on several scenarios. From this information, planners can obtain the highest and lowest oil export levels.

Management science, Petroleum industry, Politics, Delphi technique, Energy, Stochastic Model, Decision Making, Saudi Arabia

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