The silicon dioxide solution: how physicist Jean Hoerni built the bridge from the transistor to the integrated circuit

Article Abstract:

Jean Hoerni was the physicist who developed the planar process that allowed the printing of transistors on silicon which led to the development of the first commercial integrated circuit. Hoerni's idea was to use the oxide layers to protect the sensitive p-n junctions which proved more durable than the existing mesa transistors of the time.

Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences, All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing, Industrial inorganic chemicals, not elsewhere classified, Industrial sand, Silica & Silica Sand, Industrial Sand Mining, Silicon Dioxide, Physicists, Usage, Innovations, Appreciation, Design and construction, Silica, Works, Fairchild Semiconductor Corp., Hoerni, Jean

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The lost history of the transistor

Article Abstract:

The way in which 50 years ago, Texas Instruments and Bell Labs pushed electronics into the silicon age is discussed. The concerns appreciated at Bell Labs, which led the way into silicon semiconductor research during the early 1950s is presented.

Services information, Services, Texas Instruments Inc.

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How Europe missed the transistor

Article Abstract:

When Bell Telephone Labs had declared the invention of its transistor in late 1948, German Physicists Heinrich Welker and Herbert Matare claim that they have invented a similar device at a Westinghouse subsidiary in Paris a year ago.

Europe, Communications, Broadcasting and Telecommunications, Product introduction, Telephone Communication, New Products/Services, Telecommunications services industry, Telecommunications industry, Communications industry

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