Through a bat's ear: the bat's sonar performance is encouraging researchers to disregard conventional distinctions between time and frequency domains

Article Abstract:

For decades, scientists have scrutinized bats, wanting to know if bats' echo location capabilities might provide clues for devising better radar and sonar systems. Recent experiments done by the Office of Naval Research indicate that bat acoustic imaging combines time- and frequency-domain arrangements in ways that suggest design ideas for a new signal processor. In fact, researchers have already developed a sonar receiver that is similar to a bat's echo location system. Algorithms that identify a target's shape from echoes have already been tested at Brown University. Signal-processing operations are carried out in what is called a spectrogram correlation and transformation (SCAT) operation. Algorithms of this sort involve a simple geometric structure that lends itself to applications using very large scale integration (VLSI) chips. Further research will be pursued jointly at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and at Brown University. The following possible applications are mentioned: locating and classifying multiple radar and sonar targets; determining propagation times associated with seismic phenomena; and distinguishing multipath reverberations in complex acoustic environments.

Research, Ultrasonics, Bats, Bats (Animals), Radar, Sonar systems, Radar systems, Signal processing, Scientific Research, Acoustics, Acoustic Devices

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Hybrid electric transit bus pollutes less, conserves fuel

Article Abstract:

Hybrid electric transit bus technology solves many of the problems in mechanically driven diesel buses, including fuel conservation and pollution. Hybrid buses are economical, meet emission standards and have sufficient acceleration when compared to existing buses. A project to check the validity of the concept of the hybrid bus shows positive results. Because it requires no axles, a low and leveled floor throughout the bus is possible. The success of the project is expected to revolutionize the transit bus industry.

Product development, Design and construction, Buses (Transportation), Electric vehicles, Buses

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Hybrid Load Shedding is Frequency Based

Article Abstract:

Hybrid load-shedding should include at least one time-coordinated step in addition to frequency-coordinated steps to prevent electric system blackouts. The choice of frequency settings of load-shedding relays, load-shed increments, and time delays is coordinated by a computer program called LOAD SHED. The program simplifies arranging the loads into steps and helps engineers visualize underfrequency load-shedding steps. Diagrams and graphs illustrate load shedding processes.

Modeling, Data modeling software, Models, Energy Management, Energy, Power Systems, Utilities

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