Evaluating degradable polymers in controlled laboratory environments

Article Abstract:

Compostable items are defined by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), as materials that undergo only biological decomposition. However aliphatic polyesters used in certain degradable products first hydrolyze and the breakdown products are bioassimilated. Canada's National Research Council (NRC) has evaluated compost bags using tests to simulate various phases encountered during real life exposure. It was concluded that degradable materials degrade in a variety of ways and this impacts on its performance prior to composting, as well as during composting.

Polymers, Waste management, Packaging

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Compost suppresses disease in the lab and on the fields

Article Abstract:

Windward Farms in Salinas, California began an organic programme two years ago and now has eight acres certified organic, with a transitional growing program on a further 50 acres. A total Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program has reduced pesticide use by more than 80% in total, and 100% on the certified organic acreage. Compost is used, made from lettuce culls, manure and yard trimmings, to grow strawberries. Organic vegetables and fruit have been grown on Harmony Valley Farm in Wisconsin since 1991. Micronutrients are added to the soil and compost is applied.

Management, Organic farming

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