Mechanisms and functions of vitamin D

Article Abstract:

Functions and mechanisms of vitamin D, of the vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(sub.3), and of a nuclear receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), have been investigated. VDR has been detected in cells in organs not thought to be targets and some new functions are in the immune systems. In mice it has been found that some autoimmune diseases can be successfully treated with the vitamin D hormone and its analogs, which also have been used successfully in suppressing transplant rejection, perhaps working better than cyclosporin and without some of the adverse effects. Molecular mechanisms of action of 1,25-(OH)(sub.2)D3 is covered.

United States, Statistical Data Included, Research, Usage, Physiological aspects, Genetic aspects, Autoimmune diseases, Hormone receptors, Genetic transcription, Transcription (Genetics), Vitamin D, Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc., Organ transplantation, Tissue transplantation, Transplantation, Thyroid hormones, Cyclosporine, Cyclosporins, Calcium, Calcium (Chemical element), Steroid hormones, Rickets

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High-dose vitamin supplements for cigarette smokers: caution is indicated

Article Abstract:

Some high-dose vitamin supplements including those of beta carotene and vitamin E are associated with health problems in smokers. The best approach to the loss of nutrients associated with cigarette smoking is quitting. Dietary recommendations include increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables and taking supplements of beta carotene, vitamins A and C and tocopherol. High doses of beta carotene in supplements were shown to increase risk for developing lung cancer and for having fatal myocardial infarctions.

Health aspects, Complications and side effects, Smoking, Vitamin therapy, Beta carotene

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