An analysis of hydroxyapatite surface layer formation

Article Abstract:

The growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) surface layers that are different from bulk layers have been studied. Surface layers are the result of HAp having a variable composition from Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 to approximately Ca9HPO4(PO4)5OH. These compositions exist over Ca/P ratio from 1.67 for stoichiometric to approximately 1.5 for fully calcium-deficient HAp. The variation in the composition is that only one HAp composition dissolves congruently. Surface layers are formed when the HAp has Ca/P ratios different from the congruently dissolving compositions.

Analysis, Surfaces (Physics), Hydroxylapatite, Hydroxyapatite, Layer structure (Solids)

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The war at home

Article Abstract:

The rights of US citizens are being violated for reasons of national security, drug control, and employment purposes. The American Civil Liberties Union reports that employees subjected to surveillance increased from 8 million to 30 million from 1990-1996.

Evaluation, Reports, Workers, Civil rights, American Civil Liberties Union

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Currents

Article Abstract:

Utne Reader magazine recently sponsored a forum where a number of prominent thinkers, writers and artists gave their visions of the future. A brief overview of some of the more provocative predictions is presented.

Conferences, meetings and seminars, Utne Reader (Periodical)

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