Income class, modal choice, and urban spatial structure

Article Abstract:

A setting where two transportation methods are in competition with each other and levels of income differ between two groups was analyzed to determine the effect of income changes and changes in urban transportation systems on the urban spatial structure and on the welfare of individuals. Research results indicate that an enhancement of a transportation facility will not definitely enhance the welfare level of each household. In fact, improvements may decrease the welfare of certain households. Research results also suggest that under certain circumstances, an enhancement in one type of transportation may result in a contraction of city size instead of an expansion. Additionally, if the income of one group of individuals expands, this may have a negative effect on the welfare of the second group because of increased competition in the market for land.

Welfare economics

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A comparative static analysis of urban structure in the setting of endogenous income

Article Abstract:

A comparative status analysis is performed for an endogenous income setting, clarifying which effects cannot be assessed qualitatively until a utility function is made specific. Results are compared between exogenous income and endogenous income cases. An increase in agricultural rent necessarily decreases city population, leaves density and rent unchanged, and therefore contracts the city in cases when income is exogenous. When income is endogenous, the agricultural rent increase stimulates per capita income, inducing in-migration. Population density and land rent increase all over the city, and therefore the city does not necessarily grow even if its population increases.

Economic aspects, Cities and towns, Income

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Transportation system change and urban structure in two-transport mode setting

Article Abstract:

The effects on urban spatial structure of a transportation system change are examined when there are two competing modes of transit. Results indicate that improvements in the suburb transit mode results in an expansion of the city and an increase in periphery rents, while improvements in the center transit mode produces a contraction of the city and a reduction in periphery rents. Results also show that a decrease in variable cost causes a reduction in central business district rents, and that a decrease in variable cost of the suburb transportation mode is better for users than a similar decrease in the center mode.

Urban transportation

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