Racial and ethnic discrimination in urban housing markets: evidence from a recent audit study

Article Abstract:

The level and causes of discrimination demonstrated by real estate agents against blacks and Hispanics during housing searches are examined. The study uses audit data from the US Dept. of Housing and Urban Development's 1989 Housing Discrimination Study of 25 metropolitan areas across the country. The present analysis improves on earlier studies of racial discrimination in housing searches by developing a statistical model that provides adequate explanation for the discrete, nonnegative nature and heteroskedasticity of the dependent variable. The results reveal that real estate agents show African Americans about 80% of the housing units that they show to their white customers. Hispanic Americans are allowed to inspect about 90% of the units shown to Anglos. The findings suggest that agent behavior is influenced by customer prejudice and racial stereotyping.

Real estate agents and managers, Real Estate Agents & Brokers, Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers, Real estate agents, African Americans, Real estate agents and brokers, Hispanic Americans

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Commuting between local authorities in England and Wales: econometric evidence from the 1981 census

Article Abstract:

Differences in labor market behavior not caused by geographical factors were investigated by examining 1981 census data regarding inter-authority transportation patterns in the UK and Wales. Inter-authority commuting was measured by the city (C) index and suburb (S) index. The C index measured the proportion of workers in authority who lived outside the authority, while the S index measured the proportion of an authority's employed residents who worked in a different authority. Lower indexes were related to increased self-containment and less socioeconomic segregation. A large amount of inter-authority commuting increased the attractiveness of rail transportation.

United Kingdom, Demographic aspects, Econometrics, England, Wales, Traffic, Commuting

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Exploring the effects of racial preferences on urban housing markets

Article Abstract:

Economists have identified three types of market inefficiencies in their research on the consequences of racial prejudice and discrimination in the area of residential housing: higher prices per unit are paid by some households as a result of prejudice, which are not necessarily offset by lower prices elsewhere; prejudice causes an imbalance between desired attributes and attributes purchased; and whites moving out of neighborhoods as the percentage of blacks increases causes premature depreciation and abandonment of some housing. The effects of racial preferences on housing outcomes are studied using the Urban Institute Housing Market Simulation Model.

Economic aspects

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