Wasteful commuting: a re-examination

Article Abstract:

An average wasted commuting distance of five miles in Baltimore, Maryland, is about half of the average actual commuting distance. This figure is less than that computed by W.B. Hamilton in his commuting research using the monocentric model of urban location. Using housing and job location data, and actual road distances instead of depending on the simple monocentric model assumptions increases the average minimum-distance commute. Including neighborhood factors and commuting distances of other workers to expand the definition of utility used in the monocentric model further increases the average required commute.

Criticism and interpretation, Baltimore, Maryland, Hamilton, W.B.

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The possibility and impossibility of intercity commuting

Article Abstract:

The conditions for intercity commuting are identified. In order to assess realistic commuting patterns, an equilibrium with intercity commuting is analyzed. Heterogeneity between cities is necessary in order to establish an incentive for intercity commuting. The heterogeneous factor used here is quality of life. Two cases are possible at equilibrium with intercity commuting. One case is that some residents of a city commute between cities. Another is that all residents of a city commute between cities. When some residents commute between cities, the areas between cities can be connected or disconnected.

Cities and towns

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Wasteful commuting: an alternative approach

Article Abstract:

The determinants of the optimal mean commuting distance (OMCD) under job decentralization are presented. OMCD is influenced by four factors: the degree of decentralization, the steepness of the population density function, the number of jobs that are decentralized, and the geographical concentration of decentralized jobs. The latter two are the primary determinants of OMCD.

Analysis, Mathematical optimization, Optimization theory

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