A longitudinal study of prenatal marijuana use: effects on sleep and arousal at age 3 years

Article Abstract:

Prenatal marijuana use may be associated with sleep disruptions in toddlers. Researchers performed electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep studies on 38 three-year-old children, 18 of whom were exposed to marijuana during the first trimester of pregnancy. On average, the children who were prenatally exposed to marijuana slept during 91% of the EEG recording period while the other children slept during 94.4% of the recording period. Marijuana-exposed children spent an average of 27.4 minutes awake after the onset of sleep compared to 13.7 minutes in the other children. Marijuana-exposed children awakened an average of 8.2 times during the night while the other children awakened an average of 3.2 times. Total sleep time, bedtime, the number of minutes spent in each sleep stage, and wake-up time were similar among both groups of children.

Complications and side effects, Risk factors, Marijuana, Drug abuse in pregnancy, Sleep disorders in children, Childhood sleep disorders

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A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of brain changes in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

Article Abstract:

Anorexia nervosa (AN) may cause persistent structural abnormalities in the brain that remain after body weight has been regained. AN is a psychological disorder in which patients severely starve themselves in the mistaken belief they are fat. Researchers used magnetic resonance imaging to study the brains of 13 adolescent girls with AN, six of whom had returned to a more appropriate body weight. Weight-recovered patients had reduced gray matter and increased cerebrospinal fluid volume an average of 16 months after weight recovery. AN may also cause lasting deficits in growth and bone mass.

Physiological aspects, Anorexia nervosa, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Starvation

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The relationship of school breakfast to psychosocial and academic functioning: cross-sectional and longitudinal observations in an inner-city school sample

Article Abstract:

Participation by inner-city schoolchildren in a free breakfast program is associated with less tardiness and fewer absences, higher math scores, and fewer behavioral problems. Researchers examined the impact of free breakfast at schools in Philadelphia, PA, and Baltimore, MD. About 20% of students ate a school-supplied breakfast regularly before a program of universally free breakfast began. Participation then increased to 27% of 1,612 students surveyed. Data from 85 students indicated that parents, children, and teachers reported fewer problems among breakfast participants.

Psychological aspects, Food and nutrition, Breakfasts, School lunches, School food services

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