Allergic rhinitis

Article Abstract:

Allergic rhinitis, or inflammation of the nasal mucosa (the membrane lining the nasal cavity), is caused by sensitivity to an allergen. An allergen is a substance that produces symptoms of allergy, such as nasal congestion, tearing, sneezing, wheezing, coughing, itchy rash and outbreaks of various skin lesions. A British study showed that the incidence of allergic rhinitis doubled in persons aged 15 to 25 years between 1974 and 1982. The development of allergic rhinitis may be influenced by familial factors, including family size and birth order. Smaller families and improved hygiene have resulted in a recent decrease in the incidence (number of new cases) of allergic rhinitis. Viral infection may precede the onset of allergic disease. Atopy, or the ability to produce high levels of immunoglobulin E (an immune protein directed against common allergens), may be inherited and carried on chromosome 11. Environmental factors that influence the development of allergic rhinitis include weather, parental smoking, dampness, exposure to house dust mites and molds, and industrial pollution. In nasal rhinitis, the response of the nose to various allergens is similar to that of the bronchi, or lower airways. The response of the nose to allergens can be divided into early and late phases. The effects of mast cells, which secrete substances such as histamine, are responsible for symptoms of allergy. The roles played by eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) and T cells (a type of immune cell) in the development of allergic rhinitis are discussed. Treatment of allergic rhinitis consists of administering: (1) vasoconstrictors, which constrict the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa and thereby prevent congestion; (2) antihistamines, which counteract histamine-induced allergic symptoms, such as inflammation; (3) and anti-inflammatory agents, which prevent the release of histamine from mast cells, activation of eosinophils, and the destructive effects of neutrophils, another type of white blood cell. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Physiological aspects, Respiratory allergy, Respiratory hypersensitivity

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Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis: ensuring patient compliance

Article Abstract:

Intranasal topical corticosteroids can be effective in treating allergic rhinitis, but only if patients use them regularly and properly. Educating patients through written and verbal instructions increases compliance and thus patients' satisfaction with their treatment. Patient participation can also be increased by discussing proper administration and self-help techniques. Studies have shown corticosteroids to be more effective in combination with antihistamines for some people.

Methods, Usage, Corticosteroids, Adrenocortical hormones, Patient education

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Fexofenadine

Article Abstract:

The recently approved histamine H1-receptor blocker fexofenadine (Allegra) appears to be an effective treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis. The manufacturer emphasizes the nonsedating advantages of this antihistamine. No published comparisons to already established antihistamines exist. Comparable to loratadine (Claritin), fexofenadine does not seem to cause cardiovascular toxicity and costs about the same as similar products.

Evaluation, Product/Service Evaluation, Allegra (Medication)

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